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Subject Area - 3:
Science and Technology and Engineering Education
  • Standard Area - 3.3: Earth and Space Sciences
  • Organizing Category - 3.3.A: Earth Structure, Processes and Cycles
  • Grade Level - 3.3.8.A: GRADE 8
Standard - 3.3.8.A7

  • Compare and contrast scientific theories.
  • Know that both direct and indirect observations are used by scientists to study the natural world and universe.
  • Identify questions and concepts that guide scientific investigations.
  • Formulate and revise explanations and models using logic and evidence.
  • Recognize and analyze alternative explanations and models.
  • Explain the importance of accuracy and precision in making valid measurements.

  • Assessment Anchor - S8.A.3

    Systems, Models, and Patterns

    • Anchor Descriptor - S8.A.3.1 Explain the parts of a simple system, their roles, and their relationships to the system as a whole.
      • Eligible Content - S8.A.3.1.1 Describe a system (e.g., watershed, circulatory system, heating system, agricultural system) as a group of related parts with specific roles that work together to achieve an observed result.
      • Eligible Content - S8.A.3.1.2 Explain the concept of order in a system [e.g., (first to last: manufacturing steps, trophic levels); (simple to complex: cell, tissue, organ, organ system)].
      • Eligible Content - S8.A.3.1.3 Distinguish among system inputs, system processes, system outputs, and feedback (e.g., physical, ecological, biological, informational).
      • Eligible Content - S8.A.3.1.4 Distinguish between open loop (e.g., energy flow, food web) and closed loop (e.g., materials in the nitrogen and carbon cycles, closed-switch) systems.
      • Eligible Content - S8.A.3.1.5 Explain how components of natural and human-made systems play different roles in a working system.
    • Anchor Descriptor - S8.A.3.2 Apply knowledge of models to make predictions, draw inferences, or explain technological concepts.
      • Eligible Content - S8.A.3.2.1 Describe how scientists use models to explore relationships in natural systems (e.g., an ecosystem, river system, the solar system).
      • Eligible Content - S8.A.3.2.2 Describe how engineers use models to develop new and improved technologies to solve problems.
      • Eligible Content - S8.A.3.2.3 Given a model showing simple causeand- effect relationships in a natural system, predict results that can be used to test the assumptions in the model (e.g., photosynthesis, water cycle, diffusion, infiltration).
    • Anchor Descriptor - S8.A.3.3 Describe repeated processes or recurring elements in natural, scientific, and technological patterns
      • Eligible Content - S8.A.3.3.1 Identify and describe patterns as repeated processes or recurring elements in human-made systems (e.g., trusses, hub-and-spoke system in communications and transportation systems, feedback controls in regulated systems).
      • Eligible Content - S8.A.3.3.2 Describe repeating structure patterns in nature (e.g., veins in a leaf, tree rings, crystals, water waves) or periodic patterns (e.g., daily, monthly, annually).
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