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Subject Area - 3:
Science and Technology and Engineering Education
  • Standard Area - 3.1: Biological Sciences
  • Organizing Category - 3.1.A: Organisms and Cells
  • Course - 3.1.B.A: BIOLOGY
Standard - 3.1.B.A5

Relate the structure of cell organelles to their function (energy capture and release, transport, waste removal, protein synthesis, movement, etc).

Explain the role of water in cell metabolism.

Explain how the cell membrane functions as a regulatory structure and protective barrier for the cell.

Describe transport mechanisms across the plasma membrane.

Eligible Content:
12 Total
Assessments
  • Assessment Anchor - BIO.A.1

    Basic Biological Principles
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.A.1.1

      Explain the characteristics common to all organisms.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.1.1.1 Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.A.1.2

      Describe relationships between structure and function at biological levels of organization.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.1.2.1

        Compare cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.1.2.2 Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biological organization (i.e., organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and multicellular organisms).
  • Assessment Anchor - BIO.A.2

    The Chemical Basis for Life
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.A.2.1

      Describe how the unique properties of water support life on Earth.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.2.1.1 Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion).
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.A.2.2

      Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biochemical organization (i.e., atoms, molecules, and macromolecules).
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.2.2.1 Explain how carbon is uniquely suited to form biological macromolecules.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.2.2.2 Describe how biological macromolecules form from monomers.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.2.2.3 Compare and contrast the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms.
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.A.2.3

      Explain how enzymes regulate biochemical reactions within a cell.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.2.3.1 Describe the role of an enzyme as a catalyst in regulating a specific biochemical reaction.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.2.3.2 Explain how factors such as pH, temperature, and concentration levels can affect enzyme function.
  • Assessment Anchor - BIO.A.3

    Bioenergetics
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.A.3.1

      Identify and describe the cell structures involved in processing energy.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.3.1.1 Describe the fundamental roles of plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) and mitochondria in energy transformations.
        Assessments
        Continuum of Activities
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.A.3.2

      Identify and describe how energy is captured and transformed in organisms to drive their life processes.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.3.2.1 Compare and contrast the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.3.2.2 Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions.
  • Assessment Anchor - BIO.A.4

    Homeostasis and Transport
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.A.4.1

      Identify and describe the cell structures involved in transport of materials into, out of and throughout a cell.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.4.1.1 Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory structure and/or protective barrier for a cell.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.4.1.2 Compare and contrast the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane (i.e., passive transport -- diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion; active transport -- pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis).
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.4.1.3 Describe how endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and other membrane-bound cellular organelles facilitate transport of materials within cells.
        Assessments
        Continuum of Activities
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.A.4.2

      Explain mechanisms that permit organisms to maintain biological balance between their internal and external environments.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.A.4.2.1 Explain how organisms maintain homeostasis (e.g., thermoregulation, water regulation, oxygen regulation).
        Assessments
        Continuum of Activities
  • Assessment Anchor - BIO.B.1

    Cell Growth and Reproduction
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.B.1.1

      Describe the three stages of the cell cycle: interphase, nuclear division, cytokinesis.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.B.1.1.1 Describe the events that occur during the cell cycle: interphase, nuclear division (i.e., mitosis or meiosis), cytokinesis.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.B.1.1.2 Compare and contrast the processes and outcomes of mitotic and meiotic nuclear divisions.
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.B.1.2

      Explain how genetic information is inherited.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.B.1.2.1 Describe how the process of DNA replication results in the transmission and/or conservation of genetic information.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.B.1.2.2 Explain the functional relationships among DNA, genes, alleles, and chromosomes and their roles in inheritance.
  • Assessment Anchor - BIO.B.2

    Genetics
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.B.2.1

      Compare and contrast Mendelian and non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.B.2.1.1 Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (i.e., dominant, recessive, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles).
      • Eligible Content - BIO.B.2.1.2 Describe processes that can alter composition or number of chromosomes (i.e., crossing-over, nondisjunction, duplication, translocation, deletion, insertion, and inversion).
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.B.2.2

      Explain the process of protein synthesis (i.e., transcription, translation, and protein modification).
      • Eligible Content - BIO.B.2.2.1 Describe how the processes of transcription and translation are similar in all organisms.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.B.2.2.2 Describe the role of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and the nucleus in the production of specific types of proteins.
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.B.2.3

      Explain how genetic information is expressed.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.B.2.3.1 Describe how genetic mutations alter the DNA sequence and may or may not affect phenotype (e.g., silent, nonsense, frame-shift).
    • Anchor Descriptor - BIO.B.2.4

      Apply scientific thinking, processes, tools, and technologies in the study of genetics.
      • Eligible Content - BIO.B.2.4.1 Explain how genetic engineering has impacted the fields of medicine, forensics, and agriculture (e.g., selective breeding, gene splicing, cloning, genetically modified organisms, gene therapy).
        Assessments
        Continuum of Activities
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