Describe how landforms are the result of a combination of destructive forces such as erosion and constructive erosion, deposition of sediment, etc.

Define basic features of the rock cycle.

Describe the layers of the earth.

Differentiate among the mechanisms by which heat is transferred through the Earth’s system.

Explain and give examples of how physical evidence, such as fossils and surface features of glaciation support theories that the Earth has evolved over geologic time.

Compare geologic processes over time.

Relate plate tectonics to both slow and rapid changes in the earth’s surface.

Describe the rock cycle and the processes that are responsible for the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.

Relate geochemical cycles to the conservation of matter.

Explain how the Earth is composed of a number of dynamic, interacting systems exchanging energy or matter.

Describe natural processes that change Earth’s surface (e.g., landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, mountain building, new land being formed, weathering, erosion, sedimentation, soil formation).