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A Lesson in Irony

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A Lesson in Irony

Grade Levels

10th Grade, 11th Grade, 12th Grade, 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade, 9th Grade

Course, Subject

History, English Language Arts, Reading and Writing in History and Social Studies
Related Academic Standards
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  • Big Ideas
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    Comprehension requires and enhances critical thinking and is constructed through the intentional interaction between reader and text
    Effective use of vocabulary builds social and academic knowledge
    Information to gain or expand knowledge can be acquired through a variety of sources.
    Language is used to communicate and to deepen understanding.
    Purpose, topic and audience guide types of writing
    Spoken language can be represented in print.
    Writing is a means of documenting thinking
    The history of the United States continues to influence its citizens, and has impacted the rest of the world.
    An expanded vocabulary enhances one’s ability to express ideas and information.
    Critical thinkers effectively and skillfully interpret, analyze, evaluate and synthesize information.
  • Concepts
    Acquiring and applying a robust vocabulary assists in constructing meaning
    Essential content of text, including literary elements and devices, inform meaning
    Essential content, literary elements and devices inform meaning
    Focus, content, organization, style, and conventions work together to impact writing quality
    In the English language words can be understood by analyzing both the phonetic and the morphological parts.
    Informational sources have unique purposes.
    Informational writing describes, explains and/or summarizes ideas or content in a variety of genre.
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    Organization of information facilitates meaning.
    Textual structure, features and organization inform meaning
    The writing supports a thesis or research question based on research, observation, and/or experience.
    Validity of information must be established.
    Various types of writing are distinguished by their characteristics
    Conflict and cooperation among social groups, organizations, and nation-states are critical to comprehending society in the United States. Domestic instability, ethnic and racial relations, labor relation, immigration, and wars and revolutions are examples of social disagreement and collaboration.
    Conflict and cooperation among social groups, organizations, and nation-states are critical to comprehending the American society.
    Human organizations work to socialize members and, even though there is a constancy of purpose, changes occur over time.
    Social entities clash over disagreement and assist each other when advantageous.
    Textual evidence, material artifacts, the built environment, and historic sites are central to understanding United States history.
    Point of View
    Vocabulary
  • Competencies
    Analyze and evaluate author’s/authors’ use of literary elements within and among genres
    Analyze and evaluate author’s/authors’ use of conflict, theme and /or point of view within and among texts
    Analyze and evaluate information from sources for relevance to the research question, topic or thesis.
    Analyze connections between and among words based on meaning, content, and context to distinguish nuances or connotations
    Apply academic vocabulary across disciplines
    Develop an increasingly sophisticated working vocabulary including specialized vocabulary from academic content areas.
    Differentiate between primary and secondary source material.
    Evaluate the context of literal, figurative, and idiomatic vocabulary to clarify meaning
    Evaluate the relevance and reliability of information, citing supportive evidence and acknowledging counter points of view in texts
    Evaluate the use of graphics in text as they clarify and enhance meaning
    Generalize the use of academic vocabulary across disciplines
    Generate connections between and among words based on meaning, content, and context
    Identify a single thesis, research question or topic. Attribute sources of information when appropriate. Use information in maps, charts, graphs, time lines, tables and diagrams to inform writing.
    Identify characteristics of primary and secondary source materials.
    Incorporate an expansive and expressive vocabulary that includes terms specific to the topic
    Indentify and explain the literal and figurative meaning of vocabulary
    Informational Writing: Develop substantial, relevant and illustrative content that demonstrates a clear understanding of the purpose (content).
    Informational Writing: Employ effective organizational strategies and structures, such as logical order and transitions, which develop a controlling idea (organization).
    Interpret and analyze the effect of literary devices within and among texts (e.g. personification, simile, alliteration, metaphor, symbolism, imagery, hyperbole, foreshadowing, flashback, allusions, satire, and irony)
    Organize and present information and data that support and illustrate inferences and conclusions drawn from research.
    Organize and present information drawn from research.
    Question, reflect on, and interpret essential content across texts
    Summarize relevant information from source material to achieve a research goal.
    Summarize, draw conclusions, and make generalizations from a variety of mediums
    Synthesize information gathered from a variety of sources.
    Synthesize relevant information from source materials to achieve a research goal.
    Use and cite evidence from texts to make assertions, inferences, generalizations, and to draw conclusions
    Use connections between and among words based on meaning, content, and context to distinguish nuances or connotations
    Use grade appropriate resources to confirm and extend meaning of vocabulary
    Use the knowledge of language, including word origins and morphology to unlock meaning of specialized vocabulary across disciplines
    Write informational pieces, specific to a purpose and audience, which have a well developed main idea, includes cause and effect relationships or problem and solution, and contain precise language and specific detail, relevant graphics, and primary and secondary sources (e.g. letters, reports, instruction, essays, articles, interviews).
    Write to inform by: • presenting information purposefully and succinctly to meet the needs of the intended audience. • applying organizational structures that communicate information and ideas accurately and coherently. • using language that qualifies fact from opinion. • developing informational genres that relate to a variety of purposes and audiences (e.g.: instructions, memos, e-mails, correspondence, project plans, proposals, and resumes).
    Write to inform by: • presenting information purposefully and succinctly to meet the needs of the intended audience. • applying organizational structures that communicate information and ideas accurately and coherently. • using language that qualifies fact from opinion. • communicating quantitative and qualitative technical information and concepts from primary and secondary sources accurately and coherently. • using language that qualifies evidence from inference. • developing informational genres that relate to a variety of purposes and audiences (e.g.: instructions, memos, e-mails, correspondence, project plans, proposals, and resumes).
    Focus, content, organization, style, and conventions work together to impact writing quality
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    Analyze a primary source for accuracy and bias and connect it to a time and place in United States history.
    Contrast how a historically important issue in the United States was resolved and compare what techniques and decisions may be applied today.
    Summarize how conflict and compromise in United States history impact contemporary society.
    Analyze how words and phrases shape meaning and tone in texts.
    Analyze the influence of the words and phrases in a text including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings, and how they shape meaning and tone.
    Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how the author acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints.
    Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in grade level reading and content, including interpretation of figurative language in context.
    Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in grade level reading and content, including interpretation of figurative, connotative, and technical meanings.
    Evaluate how words and phrases shape meaning and tone in texts.

Description

In two class sessions, students define and identify irony and locate comic strips that demonstrate irony.  Students then view a vignette about Medal of Honor reciepient William Crawford and identify examples of irony in the vignette.  The lesson concludes with students writing an essay that asks students to interpret the narrator's ironic statement about Crawford and describe an ironic moment in their lives.

Web-based Resource

Content Provider

The Medal of Honor Character Development Program: Lessons of Personal Bravery and Self-Sacrifice is a resource designed by teachers for the Congressional Medal of Honor Foundation to provide students with opportunities to explore the important concepts of courage, sacrifice, patriotism, integrity, and citizenship and how these values can be exemplified in daily life.

 

The program was designed to be used for a variety of educational purposes by teachers in any school system in middle and high school. The primary goal is to prompt students to think of others before themselves and to make these good choices every day.

To learn more about the Congressional Medal of Honor Foundation: www.cmohs.org  

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