Write and evaluate numerical expressions involving whole-number exponents.

Write algebraic expressions from verbal descriptions. Example: Express the description “five less than twice a number” as 2y – 5.

Identify parts of an expression using mathematical terms (e.g., sum, term, product, factor, quotient, coefficient, quantity). Example: Describe the expression 2(8 + 7) as a product of two factors.

Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables, including expressions that arise from formulas used in real-world problems. Example: Evaluate the expression b^2 – 5 when b = 4.

Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions. Example 1: Apply the distributive property to the expression 3 (2 + x) to produce the equivalent expression 6 + 3x. Example 2: Apply the distributive property to the expression 24x + 18y to produce the equivalent expression 6(4x + 3y). Example 3: Apply properties of operations to y + y + y to produce the equivalent expression 3y.

Use substitution to determine whether a given number in a specified set makes an equation or inequality true.

Write algebraic expressions to represent real-world or mathematical problems.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems by writing and solving equations of the form x + p = q and px = q for cases in which p, q, and x are all non-negative rational numbers.

Write an inequality of the form x > c or x < c to represent a constraint or condition in a real-world or mathematical problem and/or represent solutions of such inequalities on number lines.